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I'm not sure how often it's treated successfully, because drug resistance is very common. If it's only causeing diarrhoea, then it's usually not treated, because it's so difficult to find the right antibiotic, and using the wrong antibiotic will make it worse.
Salmonella is transmitted in faeces, so prevention is better than cure. Using raised troughs for feed, or hanging hay baskets off the ground reduce contamination. Lower stocking rates also help, as there's less stress on the horse or foal, and less poop.
Incidentally, the bacteria is closely related to the cause of typhoid in humans, but the Salmonella bacteria in horses (and other species) can infect humans. I think there is a live attenuated vaccine available, but I'm not sure if it's registered for use in horses.
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Got carrots?
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